Regardless of the PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS), patients benefited from additional pembrolizumab therapy. The results showed that pembrolizumab combined with carboplatin and PTX or nab-PTX significantly improved ORR (57.9% vs. A total of 559 eligible patients were randomly assigned at 1:1 to receive pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W, for 35 cycles, combined with 4 cycles of carboplatin, area under curve (AUC) 6 mg/mL/min Q3W, and researchers’ choice of either paclitaxel (PTX) 200 mg/m 2 Q3W or nab-PTX100 mg/m 2 QW. The secondary endpoints include overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR). The primary endpoints are overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The KEYNOTE-407 study ( 1) is a multicountry, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial in treatment-naïve patients with stage IV squamous NSCLC (sq-NSCLC), including patients with negative expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). In this paper, we interpret and analyze the clinical implications of the KEYNOTE-407 study. The results of the KEYNOTE-407 study on lung SCC are exciting. Novel tumor immunotherapies are becoming potential treatments for cancer patients. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the main treatment for lung SCC, and targeted therapies, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, are effective for lung adenocarcinoma but not lung SCC therefore, new treatment strategies for lung SCC are required. Treatments vary a great deal between SCC and non-SCC. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for approximately 25% of all cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The article did not undergo external peer review. Email: and Peer Review: This article was commissioned by the Editorial Office, Translational Lung Cancer Research. Chief Physician, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
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